Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下的腐蚀不均匀性研究

目的研究Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下腐蚀程度和主要腐蚀区域的差异。方法使用丝束电极(WBE)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术分别研究了WBE在静止和流动条件下的电流密度分布、电荷转移电阻以及腐蚀形貌的变化和差异,同时分析了电极的极性转换现象。结果流动条件下Q235碳钢的电荷转移电阻明显降低。在静止条件下,Q235碳钢表面阳极电流区域所占的最大比例为47%,且阳极电流峰集中出现在WBE的中间区域,而四周边缘处的阳极电流峰较少。在流动条件下,Q235碳钢表面的阳极电流区域所占的最大比例为58%,阳极电流峰随机分布在整个WBE表面,且电流分布区间明显变窄。浸泡在静止条件下的58~#电极和流动条件下的39~#电极发生了多次极性转换现象。结论 Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下均发生了明显的不均匀腐蚀现象。流动条件加剧了Q235碳钢的腐蚀且降低了腐蚀不均匀性。静止条件下Q235碳钢的腐蚀区域集中在中间区域,流动条件下Q235碳钢的腐蚀区域随机分布在整个碳钢表面。静止和流动条件下的钢电极均发生了电流的极性转换现象。     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金TIG电弧熔覆层微观组织演变及力学性能研究

目的 在AZ91D镁合金表面熔覆Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金，分析熔覆层微观组织演变规律及其对熔覆层力学性能的影响。方法 采用直流脉冲钨极氩弧焊（DC PTIG welding），在不同平均电流下，将Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金焊丝送入AZ91D镁合金熔池，制备熔覆层。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪，分析不同平均电流条件下的熔覆层微观组织。基于显微维氏硬度仪与往复式滑动摩擦磨损设备，表征熔覆层硬度及摩擦学性能。结果 熔覆层微观组织主要由α-Mg、Mg24(Gd,Y)5及Al2(Gd,Y)相组成。熔覆层呈现明显分层特征，主要是由晶界Mg24(Gd,Y)5相分布差异造成。平均电流增大，熔覆层中心晶粒尺寸先保持不变，而后快速增大，Al2(Gd,Y)相由细小弥散颗粒变为团聚状分布，晶界Mg24(Gd,Y)5相则由连续网状演变为不连续岛状，直至变为细小颗粒状。熔覆层硬度随平均电流增加，呈现略微上升，随后快速下降的趋势，其最高硬度达90.8HV。摩擦磨损测试过程中，平均电流为110 A所得熔覆层失重速率小于AZ91D基材。结论 采用DC PTIG在AZ91D基体表面成功制备了耐磨性能优于基体的含Gd、Y稀土元素的熔覆层，稀释率决定熔覆层Al2(Gd,Y)相形貌及分布规律。     

焊缝余高对铜镍合金管材腐蚀行为的影响

海水管道焊缝下游区是发生腐蚀的热点区域.为探究B30管道焊缝余高对与其下游区腐蚀行为的影响,利用原位电化学测试装置和自制循环海水冲刷装置,在3天、7天、15天、30天4个冲刷节点进行试验.测试了3种模拟焊缝余高(0 mm;0.5 mm;1.5 mm)在紧邻热影响区和下游30 mm处母材区的电化学阻抗谱,用扫描电镜观察了试样表面的腐蚀形貌,结合COMSOL软件建立了有限元仿真流态模型,探讨了余高对介质流态的影响.结果表明,在有焊缝情况下,热影响区和母材区阻抗值均小于无焊缝结构,焊缝结构会加速下游区的腐蚀,且余高越大,腐蚀倾向也越大;热影响区腐蚀速率均大于母材区;流态模型显示出在热影响区位置出现了涡流,涡流加速了热影响区的腐蚀.     

实海浸泡条件下聚氨酯涂层的失效行为

目的 在青岛市小麦岛试验站开展实海浸泡试验,探究聚氨酯涂层在实际服役过程中的失效行为。 方法 选用TS55?80聚氨酯涂层/Q235碳钢体系为试验样品,开展实海浸泡试验。从聚氨酯涂层的表面形貌、失光率、色差、涂层附着力、化学结构及涂层热稳定性等角度对聚氨酯涂层的失效行为进行研究。结果 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层表面会出现明显的鼓泡和裂纹等缺陷,在浸泡6个月后的涂层表面可以观察到明显的腐蚀产物。随着浸泡时间的延长,涂层的化学结构发生了明显变化,涂层的热稳定性显著降低。在浸泡12个月后,聚氨酯涂层的失光率为69.9%,属于严重失光;涂层的色差达到3.20,属于轻微变色,涂层的附着力降至0.82 MPa,涂层与金属基体的结合强度大幅下降;聚氨酯涂层的阻抗值降至2.81×10³ Ω.cm²,说明涂层的防护性能基本丧失。结论 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层中颜料颗粒的脱落会造成涂层表面孔隙数量的增加,这会加速海水中水和氧气等腐蚀性介质的渗透过程,使得涂层/金属界面处的电化学反应快速进行,导致涂层的防护性能快速下降。此外,聚氨酯链中氨基甲酸酯键的水解是造成聚氨酯涂层发生降解的主要原因。     

Interfacial microstructures and properties of aluminum alloys/galvanized low-carbon steel under high-pressure torsion

A new composite processing technology characterized by hot-dip Zn–Al alloy process was developed to achieve a sound metallurgical bonding between Al–7 wt% Si alloy (or pure Al) castings and low-carbon steel inserts, and the variations of microstructure and property of the bonding zone were investigated under high-pressure torsion (HPT). During hot-dipping in a Zn–2.2 wt% Al alloy bath, a thick Al₅Fe₂Zn_x phase layer was formed on the steel surface and retarded the formation of Fe–Zn compound layers, resulting in the formation of a dispersed Al₃FeZn_x phase in zinc coating. During the composite casting process, complex interface reactions were observed for the Al–Fe–Si–Zn (or Al–Fe–Zn) phases formation in the interfacial bonding zone of Al–Si alloy (or Al)/galvanized steel reaction couple. In addition, the results show that the HPT process generates a number of cracks in the Al–Fe phase layers (consisting of Al₅Fe₂ and Al₃Fe phases) of the Al/aluminized steel interface. Unexpectedly, the Al/galvanized steel interface zone shows a good plastic property. Beside the Al/galvanized steel interface zone, the microhardnesses of both the interface zone and substrates increased after the HPT process.     

化学气相沉积钨涂层的研究现状与进展

化学气相沉积钨涂层具有工艺简单、技术成熟度高、涂层综合质量优异等特点，广泛应用于国防、航天、核工业等领域。首先介绍了化学气相沉积钨涂层的原理和特点，重点讨论了化学气相沉积钨涂层的工艺及应用研究现状，包括化学气相沉积钨涂层微观组织控制工艺及在耐辐射、耐磨耐蚀和高温防护领域的应用，同时对新型化学气相沉积钨涂层技术的发展进行了展望。一是改善现有工艺存在的反应气源与反应产物毒性大等问题，满足绿色环保的发展要求；二是改善现有工艺存在的沉积温度高、沉积速率偏低等问题，实现在不同衬底表面的高效、高质量沉积；三是改善现有化学气相沉积钨涂层结构与功能单一等问题，满足构件对钨涂层高性能和多功能的需求。     

Mechanical and barrier properties of MOCVD processed alumina coatings on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

This study focuses on the implementation of different aluminum oxide coatings processed by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition from aluminum tri-isopropoxide on commercial Ti6Al4V titanium alloy to improve its high temperature corrosion resistance. Films grown at 350 °C and at 480 °C are amorphous and correspond to formulas AlOOH, and Al₂O₃, respectively. Those deposited at 700 °C are composed of γ-Al₂O₃ nanocrystals dispersed in a matrix of amorphous alumina. Their mechanical properties and adhesion to the substrates were investigated by indentation, scratch and micro tensile tests. Hardness and rigidity of the films increase with increasing deposition temperature. The hardness of the coatings prepared at 350 °C and 480 °C is 5.8 ± 0.7 GPa and 10.8 ± 0.8 GPa respectively. Their Young's modulus is 92 ± 8 GPa (350 °C) and 155 ± 6 GPa (480 °C). Scratch tests cause adhesive failures of the films grown at 350 °C and 480 °C whereas cohesive failure is observed for the nanocrystalline one, grown at 700 °C. Micro tensile tests show a more progressive cracking of the latter films than on the amorphous ones. The films allow maintaining good mechanical properties after corrosion with NaCl deposit during 100 h at 450 °C. After corrosion test only the film deposited at 700 °C yields an elongation at break comparable to that of the as processed samples without corrosion. The as established processing–structure–properties relation paves the way to engineer MOCVD aluminum oxide complex coatings which meet the specifications of the high temperature corrosion protection of titanium alloys with regard to the targeted applications.     

延时电路在高温湿气环境中的腐蚀行为与机理研究

目的提高延时电路的贮存环境适应性。方法在80℃、90%RH的湿热条件下,开展延时电路实验室加速老化试验,分别在老化0、97、133 d时取样,检测电性能,分析电路外表面腐蚀损伤特征,测试内部缺陷和多余物,检查腔体密封性,定位失效部位,观测内部芯片腐蚀损伤特征,检测腐蚀产物,分析高温湿气对延时电路外引线-玻璃界面密封性失效与可伐合金基体腐蚀的作用机制。结果湿热老化133 d时,延时电路输出端3无输出波形。随湿热老化时间的延长,外引线-玻璃界面缝隙腐蚀程度逐渐加深,氦漏率单调上升,壳体密封性逐渐降低乃至失效。外界湿气进入延时电路内部,整个老化周期内部芯片无缺陷,但133 d时电路内腔出现多余物,位于第14外引脚引线柱边缘处,也是导通测试定位的失效点。该引线柱的可伐合金基体与其上的镀金层在高温湿气的作用下,由于电位差形成腐蚀电池,可伐合金作为阴极与湿气和氧发生电化学腐蚀,生成腐蚀产物并覆盖于镀金表面,导致第14外引脚与其上的金键合丝之间开路,延时电路失效。结论降低延时电路贮存环境湿度,同时改进生产工艺,在金属-玻璃封接界面形成一层厚度适当的致密氧化膜过渡层,可延缓湿气进入电路内部。增大可伐合金基体镀金层或镀镍层厚度,可减小基体发生电化学腐蚀几率,提高延时电路贮存环境适应性。     

Influence of short time milling in R5(Si,Ge)4, R = Gd and Tb,magnetocaloric materials

The effect of the short milling times on R₅(Si,Ge)₄ R = Gd, Tb magnetocaloric material properties was investigated. In particular, the effect of milling on atomic structure, particles size and morphology, magnetic, and magnetocaloric effect was studied. With short milling times (< 2.5 h), a reduction of the Gd₅Si_1.3Ge_2.7 and Tb₅Si₂Ge₂ particles size was achieved down to approximately 3.5 μm. For both compositions the main differences are a consequence of the milling effect on the coupling of the structural and magnetic transitions. In the Gd₅Si_1.3Ge_2.7 case, a second-order phase transition emerges at high temperatures as a result of ball milling. Consequently, there is a decrease in the magnetocaloric effect of 35% after 150 min of milling. Interestingly, an opposite effect is observed in Tb₅Si₂Ge₂ where a 23% increase of the magnetocaloric effect was achieved, driven by the enhancement of the coupling between magnetic and structural transitions arising from internal strain promoted by the milling process.